Gestores de referencias bibliográficas y su impacto en las investigaciones / Bibliographic reference managers and their impact on research

Resumen La incorporación de los gestores de referencias bibliográficas a las investigaciones se debe a sus beneficios como organizador de citas, referencias y como un recurso informático para el desarrollo de proyectos. El objetivo de este artículo es actualizar conocimientos en los últimos 5 años, sobre el uso e implicación de los Gestores de Referencias en las investigaciones. Se realizó una revisión documental que permitió consultar 133 fuentes de información asociadas a cinco grupos de documentos: I. Rol que desempeñan los gestores de referencias bibliográficas en el desarrollo de habilidades informacionales y competencias investigativas. II. Uso de los gestores como herramientas en la investigación. III. Los gestores en temas de materiales didácticos. IV. En la confección de citas y referencias y V. Para otros objetivos de investigación. Se utilizaron el Zotero, el Excel 2013 y el paquete estadístico SPSS. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, así como la Moda para los grupos conformados. Entre otras conclusiones importantes, al analizar el comportamiento de la producción científica, la Moda señala al grupo II Uso de los gestores como herramientas en la investigación, como el más frecuente dentro de los documentos estudiados, por lo que se recomienda su estudio y actualización permanente.

Abstract The incorporation of bibliographic reference managers in research is due to its benefits as an organizer of citations, references and as an informatics resource for the development of projects. The objective of this article is to update knowledge in the last 5 years on the use and implication of reference managers in research. A documentary review was carried out which allowed to consult 133 sources of information associated with five groups of documents: I. Role of bibliographic reference managers in the development of informational skills and research competencies. II. Use of managers as tools in research. III. Managers in didactic materials issues. IV. In the preparation of citations and references and V. For other research objectives. Zotero, Excel 2013 and the SPSS statistical package were used. Absolute frequencies and percentages were calculated, as well as the mode for the groups formed. Among other important conclusions, when analyzing the behavior of scientific production, Moda points out group II Use of managers as tools in research, as the most frequent within the documents studied, so its study and permanent updating is recommended.

Alcance del derecho a la estabilidad reforzada en Colombia: Sentencia SU-049 de 2017 / Scope of the Right to Reinforced Stability in Colombia: Sentence ITS-049, 2017 / Alcance do direito à estabilidade reforçada na Colômbia: Sentença SU-049 de 2017

RESUMEN Se describen los argumentos a partir de los cuales los magistrados de la Corte Constitucional colombiana respaldaron la solución al problema sobre si la estabilidad reforzada se circunscribe a personas calificadas con pérdida de capacidad laboral, e incorporadas al mundo del trabajo mediante contrato laboral; se muestran los argumentos desde los cuales los magistrados de la Corte justificaron su respuesta al asunto sobre si la vulneración a la estabilidad reforzada conlleva la aplicación de las prestaciones fijadas en la Ley 361 de 1997 aún en un contexto de prestación de servicio y sin que el trabajador posea calificación de pérdida de la capacidad laboral; y se concluye que en la sentencia SU-049 de 2017 dichos magistrados actualizaron el alcance del derecho a la estabilidad reforzada acorde con principios constitucionales de igualdad, solidaridad, dignidad y protección de las diferentes modalidades de trabajo, concediendo indemnización de 180 días de salario y reintegro del trabajador sin importar la tenencia del certificado de calificación de pérdida de capacidad laboral ni la forma de vinculación contractual. El enfoque metodológico acogido es hermenéutico.

ABSTRACT Describes arguments on which the magistrates of the Colombian Constitutional Court endorsed the solution to the problem are described as to whether the reinforced stability is limited to qualified people with loss of work capacity and incorporated into the world of work through an employment contract; The arguments from which the judges of the Court justified their response to the matter are shown on whether the violation of the enhanced stability entails the application of the benefits fixed for in Law 361 of 1997 even in a context of service provision and without worker has a qualification of loss of work capacity; and it is concluded that in judgment SU-049 of 2017, said magistrates updated the scope of the right to enhanced stability in accordance with constitutional principles of equality solidarity dignity and protection of the different types of work, granting compensation of 180 days of salary and Reinstatement of the worker regardless of the possession of the qualification certificate of loss of work capacity or the form of contractual relationship. The accepted methodological approach is hermeneutical.

RESUMO Descrevem-se os argumentos com base nos quais os magistrados do Tribunal Constitucional colombiano endossaram a solução do problema, se a estabilidade reforçada se limita a pessoas qualificadas com perda de capacidade laboral e se incorpora ao mundo do trabalho por meio de um contrato; apresentam-se os argumentos com os quais os magistrados do Tribunal justificaram a sua resposta à questão sobre se a violação da estabilidade reforçada implica a aplicação dos benefícios previstos na Lei 361 de 1997, mesmo em contexto de prestação de serviço e sem a trabalhador tem qualificação de perda de capacidade de trabalho; e conclui-se que na sentença SU-049 de 2017, os referidos magistrados atualizaram o âmbito do direito à estabilidade reforçada de acordo com os princípios constitucionais da igualdade, solidariedade, dignidade e proteção dos diversos tipos de trabalho, concedendo indemnização de 180 dias de vencimento e Reintegração do trabalhador independentemente da posse do certificado de habilitação de perda da capacidade de trabalho ou da forma de relação contratual. A abordagem metodológica aceita é hermenêutica.

Effects of Working Memory Updating Training on Verbal Fluency for Patients with Motor Aphasia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of working memory updating training on verbal fluency for patients with motor aphasia. Methods:From June, 2015 to June, 2018, 80 patients with motor aphasia were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and study group (n = 40). The control group accepted routine speech training, while the study group accepted working memory updating training in addition, for eight weeks. They were assessed updating function and verbal fluency before and after training. Results:The updating function and verbal fluency improved in the study group after training (t > 2.418, P < 0.05), and were better than those in the control group (t > 2.407, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Working memory updating training can improve both speech and cognition for patients with motor aphasia.

Effect of long-term highly active physical activity on memory updating ability of postmenopausal women / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the behaviors and characteristics of memory updating ability in postmenopausal women with highly active physical activity, so as to provide evidence for slowing down memory loss and preventing injury in postmenopausal women. Methods The Chinese version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short volume) was used to evaluate the long-term physical activity levels of postmenopausal women, and the involved postmenopausal participants were divided into 2 groups: highly active physical activity group (n=20) and normal control group (n=20). We collected the behavioral responses and electroencephalograph (EEG) data of postmenopausal women with different levels of physical activity during the memory updating task using event-related brain potentials and behavioral monitoring techniques. Results In the graph matching n-Back task, the reaction speed and accuracy of behavior in the high and low load task in highly active physical activity group were higher than those in the control group. In the process of coding, matching, refreshing and short-time storage of information, the amplitudes of P3 in two groups were decreased with the increase of the memory load. The latent period of 3-Back-P3 was significantly shorter than that of 1-Back in control group, indicating that postmenopausal women in control group were more sensitive to cognitive load. In highly active physical activity group, the P3 peak of 3-Back, 1-Back and the D-N450 amplitude of frontal, central and parietal area in highly active physical activity group were higher than those in the control group, indicating that the cognitive load had less effect on postmenopausal women in highly active physical activity group, who had a strong ability of mobilization, allocation and application for cognitive resources. Conclusion Postmenopausal women with long-term highly active physical activity have stronger memory updating ability, including better ability to respond to movements, stronger adaptability for perceptual requirements of different cognitive loads, and more flexible and efficient cognitive processing capacity for coding, matching, refreshing and short-time memory storage.

SIC algorithm based model updating for near infrared analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza alcohol extraction process / 中国中药杂志

The near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for offline monitoring of alcohol extraction process of Salvia miltiorrhiza was investigated, with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of value for reference. The partial least squares method was adopted to establish the tanshinone ⅡA quantitative calibration model, so as to detect extraction process of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Because the differences between batches of raw materials may endanger the robustness of the original model, the simple interval calculation (SIC) was applied in updating the near-infrared quantitative model for traditional Chinese medicine extraction process for the first time, and compared with Random Selection (RS) method. SIC's final updating results showed that root mean square with cross validation (RMSECV), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of tanshinone ⅡA were 0.006 8 g•L⁻¹, 0.005 4 g•L⁻¹ and 3.14, respectively; but RS' final updating results showed that RMSECV, RMSEP and RPD were 0.006 4 g•L⁻¹, 0.006 8 g•L⁻¹ and 2.50, respectively. This study suggested that SIC is superior to RS, and provided a research foundation for quality control and monitoring of S. miltiorrhiza extraction process in the future.

Investigation of cognition in schizophrenia: psychometric properties of instruments for assessing working memory updating / Investigação da cognição na esquizofrenia: propriedades psicométricas de instrumentos para avaliação de atualização da memória de trabalho

Objective This study describes the development of two updating measures of working memory (WM): Letter Updating Test (LUT) and Word Updating Test (WUT). Methods In stage 1, items were created and the instruments were assessed by experts and laymen. In stage 2, tests were given to 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 paired controls. All were able to understand and respond to the instruments. In stage 3, 141 patients with schizophrenia and 119 healthy controls aged 18 to 60 took part; they were assessed on WM, processing speed (PS) and functional outcome. Results The results showed adequate rates of internal consistency for both measures developed, for both the total sample and each group separately, as well as evidence of convergent validity, discriminant validity and sensitivity to differentiate performance among the groups. Principal component analysis yielded two components, one for updating tests and other for PS measures, indicating factorial validity. Positive and significant, yet low, correlations were found with functionality measures. Conclusion These results provide adequate psychometric parameters for the measures developed, applicable to cognitive research settings in schizophrenia.

Objetivo O estudo descreve o desenvolvimento de duas medidas de atualização da memória de trabalho (MT): Teste de Atualização de Letras (TAL) e Teste de Atualização de Palavras (TAP). Métodos Na etapa 1 foram criados itens e os instrumentos foram analisados por experts e leigos. Na etapa 2, os testes foram aplicados em 15 pacientes com esquizofrenia e 15 controles pareados. Todos foram capazes de compreender e responder aos instrumentos. Na etapa 3, participaram 141 pacientes com esquizofrenia e 119 controles saudáveis com idades entre 18 e 60 anos, avaliados em MT, velocidade de processamento (VP) e funcionalidade. Resultados Os resultados revelaram bons índices de consistência interna para ambas as medidas desenvolvidas, tanto para a amostra total como para cada grupo separadamente, bem como evidências de validade convergente com medidas de MT, validade discriminante com medidas de VP e sensibilidade para discriminar o desempenho entre os grupos. Análise de componentes principais revelou que os testes de atualização apresentaram altas cargas e um fator separado das medidas de VP. Relações positivas, significativas, porém baixas, foram encontradas com medidas de funcionalidade. Conclusão Esses resultados fornecem bons parâmetros psicométricos para as medidas desenvolvidas, aplicáveis em contextos de pesquisa cognitiva da esquizofrenia.

Effects of alcohol and alcohol expectations on executive function of social drinkers / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the influence on each dimension of executive function of social drinkers with moderate dose of alcohol intake and different alcohol expectations.Methods 90 university students who were social drinkers allocated randomly by a lottery method to drinking group (n=31),control group (n=30) and placebo group (n=29).The Stroop task,1-Back task and local-global task were employed to measure executive function from three aspects respectively,namely the inhibition,updating and shifting process.Results Drinking group was compared with the Control group in the three dimensions of executive function:inhibition ((61.65 ± 26.31) ms,(42.48 ± 32.94) ms),updating ((557.23 ± 86.24) ms,(515.02 ± 70.24) ms),and shifting process ((718.85±246.03) ms,(553.95± 151.74) ms).The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Placebo group was compared with the control group,in the three dimensions of executive function:inhibition ((39.25±29.35) ms,(42.48±32.94) ms),updating ((516.32±73.25) ms,(515.02±70.24) ms),and shifting process ((591.20± 193.07) ms,(553.95± 151.74) ms),all the differences had no statistically significance (P＞ 0.05).In the drinking group,positive expectation was negatively related to each dimension of executive function (-0.427,-0.330,-0.383).The inhibition and the shifting process appeared significant correlation(P＜0.05).Negative expectation was positively related to each dimension of executive function (0.251,0.323,0.377).The shifting process appeared significant correlation (P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that positive expectation was significantly negative predictions of inhibition and shifting process.Conclusion Executive function of social drinkers is damaged after moderate alcohol intake,and there are differences between executive function damage of different alcohol expectancy drinkers.

Educating psychiatrists in the post-pharma era

There are few new drugs for psychiatric disorders, and many pharmaceutical companies have withdrawn from neuroscience research. Pharmaceutical companies are therefore reducing their involvement with psychiatry, which includes a reduction in organizing and funding educational activities. This editorial looks at how psychiatrists of the future will update their knowledge and learn about new treatments, concluding that there may well be an overall reduction in the amount and quality of continuing education available for psychiatrists working in clinical practice. There may be difficulties learning about the safe and effective use of new treatments such as neurostimulation therapies. Psychiatrists will need to be more proactive in seeking education, make better use of online resources, and demand more of hospitals, universities and professional colleges.

Fuentes de actualización utilizadas por el personal de enfermería del IMSS / The most used sources for update in nursing

Resumen

Introducción: la actualización en las competencias laborales en enfermería es una necesidad constante y su calidad depende de la fuente consultada.

Objetivo: determinar las fuentes de consulta bibliográfica para la actualización en temas pediátricos mas utilizados por el personal de enfermería en algunos hospitales pediátricos del IMSS.

Metodología: encuesta descriptiva, con un cuestionario autoaplicado en cuatro hospitales de atención pediátrica. Se exploraron la frecuencia y tipo de documentos consultados para actualizarse, los temas o tópicos más comúnmente buscados en cada fuente, información sobre revistas nacionales e internacionales en pediatría, capacitación en lectura crítica de revistas y dominio de lectura en inglés.

Resultados: 142 enfermeras de180 invitadas participaron en la encuesta. En la actualización el Internet fue la fuente más consultada para: adelantos de enfermedades o medicamentos (37.3 %), nuevas técnicas de enfermería (30.3 %) y temas educacionales (33.8 %); para temas administrativos y psicosociales, los libros (35.9 % y 33.8 %); y para los cuidados de enfermería los manuales de procedimientos (32.4 %). 90 % conocían algunas revistas en enfermería nacionales, pero 95 % desconocían internacionales. El 75.2 % reconocieron deficiencias en la búsqueda y capacidad de crítica de artículos científicos de enfermería. El 95 % manifestó conflictos para leer en inglés.

Conclusiones: la actualización del personal en enfermería se realiza principalmente por Internet en páginas generales. Es necesario establecer programas de capacitación en la búsqueda y lectura crítica de revistas científicas, así como lectura en documentos en inglés.

Summary

Introduction: the continuing nursing education is a need and its quality depends on the information sources consulted.

Objective: to determine the sources of bibliographical consultation for the update in pediatric topics used by the nurses in a pediatric hospital.

Methodology: a descriptive survey with a autoapplied questionnaire in four pediatric hospital was done. The frequency and type of papers consulted to be updated and the most requeriment were explored. Topics lockheed in every source, information about national and international journals in pediatrics, training in critical of papers and authority on redding in English were investigated.

Results: A hundred forty two of the 180 invited nurses took part in the survey. The internet was the source more consulted In the update in advances of disease or drug therapy (37.3 %), new technologies (0.3 %), and educational topics (33.8 %); for administrative and psychosocial topics, (35.9 % and 33.8 %) the source most consulted was the book; and for nursing care in the manuals of procedures (32.4 %). The 90 % of the nurses knew little about the national nursing journals, but 95 % unknown or look for the International nursing journals. 75 % recognized deficiencies in their capacity to search and critique the scientific information. The 95 % of the nurses demonstrated difficulties to manage english.

Conclusions: the principal source for updating in the nursing staff is the Internet web pages. It is necessary to establish programs of training in the search and scientific reading.

Actualización sobre el uso de antimicrobianos en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán / Updating on the antimicrobial use in the General Surgery Service of the Joaquín Albarrán Clinical Surgical Hospital

Para actualizar la Guía de Buenas Prácticas Médicas sobre el uso de antimicrobianos, en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán, se analizaron, discutieron y aprobaron de forma colectiva las directrices sobre el uso de antibióticos ante cada proceso morboso, en dicho servicio. Se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre la elección de los fármacos según las disponibilidades de la institución, uso profiláctico, momento de comienzo, vía de administración y duración del tratamiento. El hecho de disminuir o evitar la infección de las heridas quirúrgicas confiere a este tipo de análisis importancia singular en la cirugía moderna, por lo que es imprescindible su actualización sistemática(AU)

To update the Good Medical Practices Guide on the use of antimicrobials in the General Surgery Service of the Joaquín Albarrán Cliical Surgical Hospital authors analyzed, discussed and approved in a collective way the guidelines in each morbid process in such service offering recommendations on the drugs choice according to the institution availabilities, the prophylactic use, onset time, administration route and treatment length. To decrease or avoid the infection in the surgical wounds give to this type of analysis a peculiar significance in the current surgery, thus, it is necessary its systemic updating(AU)

The deficit of verbal working memory in dyslexia children / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the deficit features of verbal working memory of dyslexia children by comparing with normal children. Methods Seventeen normal children and fifteen dyslexia children finished the classic verbal n-back task which involved three memory updating difficulty levels. Results Dyslexia children ((81.7±7.0)%,(70.8±12.0)%,(60.0±7.0)%)performed worse than NC ((88. 6 ±6. 0)% , (83. 5 ± 7.0)% ,(75.6 ±9.0)%)in all memory updating levels(n = 0,1 ,2) (P<0.01). In the performances related to memory updating operating,when the difficulty of the updating rised dyslexia children(25. 9 ± 12. 0)% revealed greater decline than normal children(14.2 ± 12.0)% (P<0.01). Conclusion Dyslexia children demonstrate the deficit in the basic level of working memory, which was showed as the bad performance of n-back task in updating level zero, and also they had problems in memory updating,which was showed as the greater updating effect. Memory updating was regarded as the advanced procession of verbal working memory.

Necesidades de aprendizajes del personal de salud que atiende al adulto mayor / Learning needs of health staff caring to elderly

OBJETIVO: identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje del personal de salud que atiende al adulto mayor en el Policlínico Docente Cristóbal Labra. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de septiembre 2007 a marzo 2008 de corte transversal en el Policlínico Docente Cristóbal Labra en La Lisa, con el objetivo de indagar sobre el conocimiento y necesidades de aprendizajes de los profesionales objeto de estudio en relación a la atención del adulto mayor. La combinación de un grupo de métodos teóricos (método histórico, método lógico (Dialéctico) y la revisión documental y bibliográfica) aportaron elementos sobre desarrollo, evolución histórica y actualización de los temas de gestión, control y garantía de la calidad en la educación superior. RESULTADOS: a partir de lo anterior fue posible determinar que existe un inadecuado cumplimiento del programa de Atención Gerontológica, fue la falta de actualización uno de los factores determinantes. CONCLUSIONES: el trabajo realizado permitió comprobar que es necesario mantener mejor preparado al personal de salud que atiende al adulto mayor pues los médicos no reciben capacitaciones sobre estos temas y sienten la necesidad de mantener actualizados sus conocimientos en este campo y así contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de este grupo poblacional.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the learning needs of health staff caring elderly in Cristobal Labra Teaching Polyclinic. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2007 to March, 2008 in ®Cristobal Labara¼ Teaching Polyclinic of La Lisa municipality to inquire into the knowledge and learning needs of study professionals related to elderly care. Combination of a theoretical methods group (historical, logical (dialectic) methods and the documentary and bibliographic review) provided elements on development, historical course and updating of management topics, control and quality guarantee in higher education. RESULTS: from above mentioned features it was possible to determine existence of a inappropriate fulfillment of Gerontology Care program, the lack of updating was one of determinant factors. CONCLUSIONS: the work performed allows to verify the need of a better training of health staff caring the elderly since physicians lack of knowledge on these subjects and it is necessary to maintain updating of their knowledges in this field and thus to contribute to improvement the quality of life of this demographic group.

Actualización terapéutica sobre diarrea persistente / Therapeutical updating on persistent diarrhea

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica acerca de la diarrea persistente y su tratamiento, mediante la revisión tanto de bibliografía impresa actualizada como de publicaciones electrónicas, con el objetivo de brindar información sobre la entidad y la conducta a seguir una vez diagnosticada. Se exponen los pilares de tratamiento según los resultados más coincidentes en la literatura médica, así como las formas de prevención de las consecuencias del diagnóstico y tratamiento tardíos. Se enfatiza en la importancia de la lactancia materna, del adecuado equilibrio dietético-nutricional y de la eliminación de los factores de riesgo que pueden incidir en la aparición y persistencia de esta afección.

A bibliographic review was made on the persistent diarrhea and its treatment using the updated printed review and the electronic publications to give information on entity and behavior followed since that the diagnosis is made. Treatment pillars are showed according the more coincident results in medical literature, as well as the prevention ways of consequences from late diagnosis and treatment. Authors emphasize the significance of breastfeeding, the proper dietetic-nutritional balance, and the elimination of risk factor that may to have an impact on the appearance and persistence of this affection.

Reflexões sobre o contrato terapêutico como instrumento de autorregulação do terapeuta / Reflections about the therapeutical contract as a self regulating instrument for the therapist / Reflexiones sobre el contrato terapéutico como instrumento de autorregulación del terapeuta

Este artigo visa amplificar a função do contrato terapêutico para além de uma combinação de dados objetivos. A partir do que acontece nos primeiros encontros entre terapeuta e cliente, os rumos desta relação poderão ser traçados. Inserido neste contexto, está o contrato terapêutico, cujas cláusulas, quando em consonância com as necessidades atuais do profissional, poderão contribuir para evitar os danos à relação como descontentamento, interrupção, abandono ou, até mesmo, o cancelamento do tratamento por qualquer uma das partes. Como mais um cuidado na construção desta relação, a autora propõe o contrato escrito, apresentando seu modelo e tecendo comentários reflexivos às suas cláusulas contratuais.

The presented article proposes to take the therapeutic contract beyond the combination of objective data. The development of the relationship between therapist and client is shaped during the first meetings. In this context the therapeutic contract contributes to this relationship. The contract can, if it considers the current needs of the professional, prevent that the relationship gets damaged due to dissatisfaction, interruption, abandonment, or stopping treatment all together. The author suggests to set up a written contract as an additional mechanism to build this relationship and presents her model and contract details.

La proposición de este artículo es de ampliar la función del contrato terapéutico para que sea más que una combinación de datos objetivos. De lo que ocurre en los primeros encuentros entre el terapeuta y el cliente es que la dirección de esta relación se remonta. En este contexto está el contrato terapéutico cuyas cláusulas, cuando em consonancia con las necesidades actuales del profesional, podrán ayudar a evitar daños a la relación como el descontentamiento, la interrupción, el abandono o, incluso, el cancelamiento del tratamiento por una de las partes. Como una otra precaución para la construcción de esta relación, la autora propone el contrato escrito, presentando su modelo e exponiendo sus comentarios reflexivos a sus cláusulas contractuales.

Automatic Updating for Software in Local Area Network / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To achieve the software automatic updates and maintenance in the local area network which is developed based on the C/S structure. Methods Based on the existing software and hardware development platform,we use PowerBuilder to exploit and compile a program which can determine whether the software need to update automatically or not under the premise of unchanging the existing LAN software system. Results When the user terminal in the local area network runs this program,they can update it automatically whenever they need. Conclusion This method will greatly reduce the later maintenance software,upgrade works and also improve the work efficiency and accuracy.

The Study Paradigm of Executive Function on Memory Updating / 中国医学伦理学

Executive function is an important advanced cognitive process, and it is the function that integrates different cognitive processes to achieve one's aim. Updating is an important component of executive function. According to the classifications of Miyake & Colletee on executive function, two study paradigms on memory updating are discussed: n-back paradigm & running memory paradigm. A new study method called latent variable analysis and new studies of cognitive neuroscience on memory updating are introduced. Issues on ethics and morality in research on cognitive experiment of psychology are briefly demonstrated to explore appropriate direction for research of executive function in future.